Word
dumb
Primarily used to describe an inability to speak or, more commonly and informally, a lack of intelligence.
Meanings
Unable to speak, either temporarily due to shock or permanently due to a physical condition. This usage is now often considered dated or insensitive, with 'mute' or 'non-speaking' being preferred.
(Informal, often offensive) Lacking intelligence or common sense; foolish.
Definition
The adjective "dumb" can historically refer to someone who is unable to speak, either temporarily due to shock or permanently due to a physical condition, though "mute" or "non-speaking" are now generally preferred. More commonly, and informally, it describes a person or action that is foolish or unintelligent. When used in this latter sense, especially towards individuals, it is widely considered offensive.
Examples
- The news of the sudden closure left the employees temporarily dumb with shock, unable to react or speak.
- Many older historical texts might refer to individuals as 'deaf and dumb', though this terminology is now outdated and considered inappropriate.
- She made a really dumb mistake by sending the email to the wrong client.
- He felt completely dumb for forgetting his presentation notes on the most important day.
- It would be a dumb idea to sign that contract without having a lawyer review it first.
Common mistake
Learners often use "dumb" informally to mean unintelligent without realizing it can be offensive, especially in formal contexts or when referring directly to people.
More at C1 level
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More adjectives
- agnostic An agnostic is someone who does not claim to know whether God exists.
- pragmatic Pragmatic means focused on practical results rather than ideals or theories.
- ubiquitous Present, appearing, or found everywhere at the same time.
- cynical Cynical describes believing that people are mainly motivated by self-interest and not sincere.
- apathetic Apathetic means showing little or no interest, concern, or enthusiasm.