Word
empirical
Meanings
Based on observation, measurement, or experience rather than theory.
Supported by data collected from experiments or real-world study.
Definition
Based on observation or experience rather than theory.
Empirical describes knowledge or results that come from observing, measuring, or experimenting. It contrasts with ideas based only on logic, tradition, or speculation. In science and research, empirical evidence is collected through real-world data and careful testing.
Examples
- The policy was changed after empirical evidence showed it was not working.
- Her conclusion is based on empirical data from three experiments.
- We need empirical results, not just opinions.
- The study provides empirical support for the new method.
Common mistake
Learners often use empirical to mean "emotional" or "personal," but it means based on observation and measurable evidence.
More at C1 level
- ubiquitous Present, appearing, or found everywhere at the same time.
- xenophobia Xenophobia is a strong dislike or fear of people from other countries or cultures.
- genocide Genocide is the deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular group in order to …
- conundrum A conundrum is a confusing and difficult problem to solve.
- pretentious Trying to seem more important, intelligent, or cultured than you really are.
More adjectives
- agnostic An agnostic is someone who does not claim to know whether God exists.
- pragmatic Pragmatic means focused on practical results rather than ideals or theories.
- ubiquitous Present, appearing, or found everywhere at the same time.
- cynical Cynical describes believing that people are mainly motivated by self-interest and not sincere.
- apathetic Apathetic means showing little or no interest, concern, or enthusiasm.